引言
Highlighting inadequacies of previous studies
指出先前研究的不足
Previous studies of X have not dealt with …
Half of the studies evaluated failed to specify whether …
Most studies in the field of X have only focused on …
Most studies in X have only been carried out in a small number of areas.
The generalizability of much published research on this issue is problematic.
The experimental data are rather controversial, and there is no general agreement about …
Such expositions are unsatisfactory because they …
The research to date has tended to focus on X rather than Y.
Research on the subject has been mostly restricted to limited comparison of xxx
The existing accounts fail to resolve the contradiction between X and Y.
However, few writers have been able to draw on any systematic research into …
However, much of the research up to now has been descriptive in nature …
However, these results were based upon data from over 30 years ago and it is unclear if …
Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which …
X’s analysis does not take account of … nor does he/she examine …
Highlighting a knowledge gap in the field of study
指出学界的知识缺口
What is not yet clear is the impact of X on …
No previous study has investigated X.
There has been little quantitative analysis of …
The neurobiological basis of this X is poorly understood.
Until recently, there has been no reliable evident that …
In addition, no research has been found that surveyed …
Little is known about X and it is not clear what factors …
This indicates a need to understand the various perceptions of X that exist among …
So far this method has only been applied to …
So far, however, there has been little discussion about …
However, far too little attention has been paid to …
However the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive …
However, much uncertainty still exists about the relation between …
However, there have been no controlled studies which compare differences in …
In contrast, very little is known about X in non-mammalian vertebrates and in …
Although While Whilst | some research has been carried out on X | no single study exists which… |
no studies have been found which … | ||
no controlled studies have been reported. | ||
only two studies have attempted to investigate … | ||
the mechanism by which … has not been established. | ||
there have been few empirical investigations into … | ||
there is very little scientific understanding of … | ||
尽管 | 学界针对X已进行了一些研究 | 但还没有哪项研究 … |
但笔者尚未找到哪项研究 … | ||
但尚未有对照研究。 | ||
但只有两项研究试图调查 … | ||
但还未建立…的机制。 | ||
但鲜有针对…的实证研究。 | ||
但对…的科学理解非常有限。 |
Apart from Smith (2014), there is a general lack of research in …
Despite this, very few studies have investigated the impact of X on …
Several studies have produced estimates of X (Smith, 2002), but there is still insufficient data for ...
Indicating the focus, aim, argument of a short paper
表明写作的关注点、目标、论点
This paper contests the claim that …
This paper will review the research conducted on …
This paper seeks to remedy these problems by analyzing the literature of …
In this paper I argue that …
In the pages that follow, it will be argued that …
This paper attempts to show that …
The central thesis of this paper is that …
The aim of the paper is to provide a conceptual theoretical framework based on …
The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the …
Stating the purpose of research
指出研究的目的
The major objective of this study was to investigate …
The aim of this study was to clarify several aspects of …
The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between X and Y.
The aim of this study is to shine new light on these debates through an examination of …
This paper investigates the usefulness …
This study systematically reviews the data for …, aiming to provide …
There are two primary aims of this study: 1. To investigate … 2. To ascertain …
Research questions or hypotheses
研究的问题或假说
The central question in this dissertation asks how …
This research seeks to address the following questions:
The hypothesis that will be test is that …
The key research question of this study was whether or not …
Another question is whether …
Synopsis of the research design, method, source(s) of data
概述研究设计、研究方法、数据来源
Data for this study were collected using …
This dissertation follows a case-study design, with in-depth analysis of …
The approach to empirical research adopted for this study was …
This work takes the form of a case-study of the …
The research data in this thesis is drawn from four main sources: …
The study was conducted in the form of a survey, with data being gathered via …
Indicating significance
说明写作意义
This project provided an important opportunity to advance the understanding of …
This is the first study to undertake a longitudinal analysis of …
The findings should make an important contribution to the field of …
Therefore, this study makes a major contribution to research on X by demonstrating …
The study offers some important insights into …
Indicating limitations
说明写作的限制不足
It is beyond the scope of this study to examine the …
The reader should bear in mind that the study is based on …
Another potential problem is that the scope of my thesis may be too broad.
A full discussion of X lies beyond the scope of this study.
指导老师：宁 梅 信息采集提供：戴佳沛 图文编辑：王 倩
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